Our civilisation is doomed, for the same reason that every civilisation is doomed; we have outrun our resource base. The hyper-complexity of our technological system depends on fossil fuels; gas, coal and, most of all, oil. Everything we use is made from oil, transported with it, our food is effectively grown on a layer of it1 and our economies are entirely dependent on petrochemical products produced from oil which, very soon, will be too expensive to extract. When this happens — when the energy required to extract coal, oil and gas approaches that which they provide — it will be game over.
The collapse that we’re facing, and the suffering it will entail, will be, first of all, unprecedented. Unbelievable — we’ll all be walking around saying ‘I don’t believe it, I don’t believe it…’ We’re already starting to say this, in collapse-front-runner UK, particularly those of us who live in poorer towns, or who work in A&E, or who have to deal with ‘low-income groups’; but these are early days. The misery and madness facing us — facing all of us, even the comfortable wonderfuls in Brave New Sweden (or China, or wherever else appears to be technologically insulated) — will make these days of frustration and fear seem like paradise. Not convinced? Keep watching the news, see if it gets any better.
The collapse we’re facing, that has now begun, is also our fault. Man-made. We have based our societies on intensive agriculture, a practice which demands more energy than it provides, and then provides a surplus which must be managed and defended, demanding more energy. We have created societies based on exploitation, of nature and of human nature, which has compelled us to ‘progress’ to a point, after a thousand years of intensive agriculture, and a hundred years of hyper-intensive industrialisation, when there’s nothing left to exploit. Our ability to create more and more complexity from fossil fuels has only served to dig us ever more rapidly through the raft we are floating on, while making it ever more flimsy and fragile; not to mention desolate, inhuman and hideously ugly.
So it really doesn’t matter if the earth is warming or cooling, if either is caused by CO2, or volcanos, or solar radiation, nor does it really matter how much or how little global heating, or cooling, will end up contributing to the series of punishing blows that we can expect in the years ahead. Who knows what will be the ‘final’ cause of our collapse. Perhaps a nuclear war? Or a series of violent revolutions? Or mass starvation? Or a mass cull? There might even be a real pandemic? Probably all of the above, but it’s unimportant, just as it’s unimportant what disease finally claims someone dying of old age. Cancer? Pneumonia? Heartbreak? Furniture? Interesting perhaps, but in the end it’s irrelevant. And now they’re dead.
The truth isn’t obscured with lies; it is obscured with facts.
The stupendous technological and structural complexity of our civilisation can no longer be sustained by the energy that such complexity demands and so, as with other civilisations that have collapsed before ours, we’re entering a rapid period of contraction, manifesting as financial collapse; the inability of slaves and slave states to pay their debts. How rapid is hard to say, it could be a mad, precipitous decline, over a decade or so, or even more rapidly — despite the emotional attraction of apocalyptic visions of the future, they are always a possibility2 — or it could take a generation or two. I don’t know. A hellish cliff-fall crash of unprecedented suffering looks more likely to me, but in either case, by the time children being born today are in their eighties, if they live that long, a drastically reduced world population will almost certainly be living in tiny villages again after having gone through a far rougher ride than my generation did. It’s really only possible to maintain any other image of the future by making outrageous assumptions about the power of technology.
This will not be the result of Anthropogenic Global Warming which, despite being a verifiable fact, is a distraction. For many years it did not serve those in power to accept the fact and reality of AGW, so it was often ignored, or strenuously denied across the media ‘spectrum’. Now some sectors of the owner-management classes find their interests are best served by accepting (or pretending) that the earth is catastrophically heating and that we might be responsible, so it is accepted, and promoted as something for us all to fear. ‘Solutions’ are then offered — ‘net zero’, insect protein, climate lockdowns, digital currencies, closing down farms, shutting down the bank accounts of dissidents — in order to justify further technolotrous tyranny in the name of assuaging this fear,3 just as similar system-enhancing measures were and are offered to assuage the fear of commies, drug barons, terrorists, the ‘pandemic’ and, most recently, Putin, who, as I write, is the reason we’re all going broke, getting fired, starving hungry, freezing cold and, presumably, will be offered a new form of techno-slavery to ‘defeat’.
Meanwhile, nothing has changed in the real world, because nature is uninterested in politics. We’re still filling the air with pollution, we’re still dredging the seas empty, and we’re still stripping our arable land of soil. We’re still guzzling unimaginable quanta of energy (there doesn’t seem to be too much being done about the ruinous energy requirements of the internet; can’t think why). We’re still running out of oil, we’re still running out of gas (even if Russia’s were available), we’re still running out of essential metals, we’re still running out of sand (usable sand of course; desert sand is useless for concrete), we’re still running out of water, and the use and cost of all of these materials is rising at the same exponential rate as technological complexity and the hyper-consuming middle-class of the ‘developing world’.4 And so society is collapsing before our eyes. Have you noticed?
While climate-change deniers care about the causes of global heating because they are unwilling to accept the nature of the civilised system, climate change activists care about the causes of global heating because… they are unwilling to accept the nature of the civilised system! That’s right, they are the functionally the same. A false dichotomy, or opposame. The only difference between the two groups (climate change deniers, left and right, and climate change activists) is that the crusading Green army, largely made up of the professional management-class, is eager to professionally manage a transition to a Brave New World of green fairy energy.
Alas they are, as is well known to anyone without an ideological commitment to technology, deluded. It will never happen because our resource base will soon be unavailable to us. We do not have what we need to make a transition to any other kind of energy. Both green energy (which is intermittent, and so effectively useless) and, to a lesser extent, nuclear energy, demand both colossal inputs of energy (making their net output low5) and vast quantities of non-renewable resources, as does the world they power. In addition, phasing out coal, oil and gas in order to transition to a Brave Green World would itself require vast quanta of energy which renewable energies cannot provide.
A world powered by green energy would also require enormous quantities of plastic (which come from petrochemicals6), copper (how are we going to extract all the copper that green tech needs from depleted mines and smelt it all without coal?) along with lithium, graphite, sand, oil and water, not to mention all the other rare-earth elements which we don’t have and which are ruinous to extract in anything approaching the quantities we need.7 Even with miraculous new batteries that run on plentiful chemicals8 the whole system — all of its roads, wires, fertilisers, switches, sealants, pipes, rails, processors, diodes, engines, turbines, cartons, and so on, and on, and on — requires resources which we do not have. It is nothing short of a belief in magic to assert otherwise.9
It’s not so much that we’re running out of resources though — there will always be plenty of minerals in the ocean, for example — rather they are becoming far too costly to get at. There is no point in extracting, refining and transporting a barrel of oil if it takes a barrel of oil to do so. This problem can be temporarily delayed by discovering other cheap sources of energy — England solved the problem of running out of wood by turning to coal, and the US solved the problem of running out of oil by fracking — but we have now literally reached the bottom of the barrel. The dregs. And there are no more barrels we can open. The only solution, for those currently in control of the world’s energy resources, is to reduce consumption, reduce the world’s population and do whatever you can to keep your fat fingers on whatever puddles of oil still remain.10
Disciples of the worldwide religion of technophilia believe that our problems will be solved by adding more technological complexity to the world — which is precisely the cause of them. Nobody has solved the problem of powering a society that can only solve its problems by adding complexity with finite resources, or ever can, because the power has to run out. The EROI (the ratio of energy returned to energy invested to extract and refine it) in the US has gone from something like 100 to 1 (a hundred barrels of oil produced from one barrel of oil invested) down to something like 15 to 1 in the last seventy years.11 There is no way to reverse this. The only solution is to find a perfect replacement for crude oil, which is impossible, or radically simplify society; something which no society has ever done.12
People with nominal power do try to simplify society, sometimes, but they cannot succeed. Attempts by the owners of the system to limit consumption and pump funny money into the economy, which appears to have been the primary purpose of lockdowns, or to generate scarcity, which is probably behind the apparent throttling of agricultural production, or to develop even more invasive techniques of control, such as digital currencies and technofascist ‘smart’ cities, which (who knows?) seem to be what our toppermost technocrats are planning at the moment, are as futile as attempts by the managers of the system to protest or disrupt oil and gas production. They are futile because the system has its own requirements, its own laws and its own limits, none of which are amenable to the mad fantasies of civilised human beings.13
This doesn’t mean that the owners or managers of the system (i.e. elites and professionals; the latter often ignored by dissidents, who are usually professionals themselves) are any less responsible. Difficult as it is for many people to accept, it is possible to criticise the activities of those in power while also accepting that they are relatively powerless, just as it is possible to condemn the cold, heartless hyper-wealthy, while also condemning the moronic, masochistic insanity of the masses, just as, finally, it is possible to accept that man-made activities might be responsible for global heating while also refusing to accept the solutions (and fear porn) the system proffers to deal with it.
But, I’ll say it once more, it really doesn’t matter. Prove, beyond all doubt, that AGW is a myth, and we are still doomed. Remove all our elites and professionals from power and organise an inoffensive, socialist, vegan paradise — or, if you prefer, an offensive, capitalist, meat-eating paradise — and nothing will or can change. Bring down the dastardly American empire and replace it with a benevolent BRICS-based world of kindly Russians and caring Chinamen, and the civilised cancer will continue to grow exponentially. Replace oil with juice from a magical bean and all our plastics and rare-earth metals with cheese farmed from moon, and we are still ruined.
And so we are reaping what we have sewn. It’s game over, and there is nothing we can do about it. You cannot simply wish away the rules of the physical universe. While an inhuman, unnatural technocratic system (and the ego it feeds from) rules us we are guaranteed to overstep natural limits and bring the walls of our own house down upon ourselves. It’s impossible for socialists or capitalists to accept this, because the former want to manage (or write thrilling opinion pieces about) the system and the latter want to own it, and they’re all addicted to it, which is why it never comes under their critical scrutiny and why they reject any serious analysis of it as shocking heresy; but it is the truth, and as it is the truth, I don’t need to convince anyone of it, and neither do you, because, sooner or later, the truth becomes impossible to ignore.
So chill out. Go into the garden. Chat up that girl who works in the coffee shop. Cook a nice curry. Read a big book. Take a walk in the woods. For God’s sake do what you love. Life is good, even facing the end.
Especially facing the end.
We live in hell, and what happens when hell comes to an end?
Further reading:
See the work of ‘The Honest Sorcerer’, Tim Morgan, and Tim Watkins. This summary of the situation is also very good. See also…
The Technological System
How the machine produces all the social and environmental problems we are facing and how it’s totalising, hyper-complexity - which can never be ‘neutral’ - can only only terminate in the enslavement of mankind, which must become machine-like to survive within it.
Fertilisers and pesticides, which are derived or synthesised from petrochemicals (without taking into account of course all the plastics, polymers, oils, lubricants and fuels used in agriculture).
And despite what John Michael Greer might aver. I have respect for Greer, one of the only modern writers who seems capable of saying something, and I agree with him that warnings of a dramatic apocalypse are often self-serving, but such things certainly do happen, and certainly are possible.
Others, usually on the right, push for the use of more fossil fuels. This, from a system-serving perspective is certainly more realistic, but it leads to the same technological slavery and degrading, alienating misery.
See 2030: Our Runaway Train Falls Off the Seneca Cliff from ‘The Honest Sorcerer’.
And not just their net output; gross too. Nuclear energy currently cannot produce enough energy, as The Honest Sorcerer reminds us, ‘to turn iron ore into steel, sand into molten glass or limestone, and clay and fly ash into cement, [and] without these materials it is impossible to build modern roads, bridges, dams, tunnels, high rise buildings and yes, new nuclear reactors.’
Unless of course you recycle them. Except that plastic recycling can never work at scale (which has been known from the very start) and, what’s more, spews out massive quantities of microplastics into waterways, soil and air — indeed may even be the number one producer of these devastatingly toxic substances.
It has been estimated that over the next 30 years we will consume more minerals than the last 70,000 years. Vanadium, cerium, gallium, lutetium and other minerals are all essential for a high-tech world, green or otherwise, but where are they going to come from?
Where are we going to get the energy to extract all these metals? Where are we going to get the water we need to mine them? How are we going to deal with the colossal pollution that refining four and a half billion tonnes of copper would entail?
This is without getting into the inherent limitations of technological development, (e.g. of batteries, which have been around now for over a century, and will never beat ‘the s-curve’).
But which still require tremendous energy inputs from fossil fuels; it takes the energy equivalent of 100 barrels of oil to fabricate the batteries to store the energy equivalent of a single barrel. In addition, to multiply the capacity of the energy grid in order to cater for battery charging and storage demands requires petrochemical energy, mineral resources and, crucially, time, which we do not have.
See the work of Simon Micheaux. Here is an interview from 2022. Here is his website, the front page of which contains a tantalising list of ‘principles and observations’, such as;
The current industrial system is highly dependent on fossil fuels (oil, gas, and coal). To transition away from fossil fuels would take something like 20 years if done in an organized fashion without disruption.
Coal is used by industry to generate high temperature heat for manufacturing and smelting. Current renewable systems are unable to deliver such high temperatures in the quantities needed for much of existing manufacturing requirements. At this time, if we phase out fossil fuels, then much of existing manufacturing will also have to be phased out.
81% of existing oil fields are declining at a rate of 5 to 7% per year. Most oil was discovered in the 1960s and 1970s. 2020 showed the lowest volume of oil discovery in the previous 70 years.
A good summary of the situation here. There is a fringe theory called ‘abiotic oil theory’ which hypothesises that ‘hydrocarbon compounds are generated in the upper mantle and migrate through the deep faults into the Earth’s crust.’ It seems to be deeply flawed, but even if it were the case, the exponential expansion of systemic complexity must — and clearly has — far outstrip[ped] this remarkable replenishment, leading to the declining EROI noted elsewhere, otherwise there would be no need to go to such absurd lengths to extract more and more sour oil, like shale.
And talking of exponential expansion:
These graphs (from The Anthropocene: Are Humans Now Overwhelming the Great Forces of Nature - Steggen, Crutzen and Mcneil, 2008) correspond, of course, to energy consumption, outlined in the above, and to…
Measuring EROI (also known as ECoE; energy cost of energy) is not easy, but, as this overview from Tim Watkins, makes clear, it’s certainly not rising.
Just think what it would take to reduce the complexity of our world, within twenty years, to a state that could run on green energies; essentially a medieval-level of energy consumption.
Blackrock, the enormously powerful asset management behemoth which manages ten trillion dollars of assets across the globe, is well aware of this. In their 2023 report they predict that we are entering a period of precipitous decline which will entail ‘brutal tradeoffs’ between starvation and misery for the masses so that elites can continue to eat pomegranates on the river bank. Brutal tradeoffs — think about that.